Philadelphia Seminary Biographical Record, Philadelphia, PA – Faculty, pp. 34-51 Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Banja jbanja@msn.com Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/pafiles.htm _______________________________________________ THE PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 1864-1923 Edited by LUTHER D. REED, '95 MT. AIRY, PHILADELPHIA ISSUED BY THE SEMINARY AND THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 1923 34 THE FACULTY + CHARLES FREDERICK SCHAEFFER, D.D. [portrait], was born at Germantown, Phila., Sept. 3, 1807, the son of the Rev. Dr. Frederick David and Rosina (Rosenmiller) Schaeffer. His father was pastor of St. Michael's Church, Germantown, for twenty-two years, and later of St. Michael's and Zion's Church, Philadelphia. Three of his. brothers were Lutheran ministers, and his sister was the wife of the Rev. C. R. Demme, D.D. He had five children: Charles, Rose (Mrs. Reuben Hill), Georgianna, Aurelia and Virginia (Mrs. William Shryock). Dr. Schaeffer was educated at Zion's Parochial School, Philadelphia, and at the University of Pennsylvania (graduated 1827). He studied theology under his father and Dr. Demme and was licensed by the Synod of Maryland and Virginia in 1829, becoming assistant to his brother Christian in New York. He was pastor at Carlisle, Pa., 1831-34. In 1832 he married Miss Susanna Schmucker, of York, daughter of J. G. Schmucker, D.D. After a pastorate at Hagerstown, Md., 1834-40, he was called as Professor in the Theological Seminary at Columbus, O. In 1843 he withdrew from the Seminary and moved to Lancaster, O., living there until 1845, when he accepted a call to Red Hook, N. Y. In 1851 he became pastor of St. John's, Easton, Pa. In 1855 he was called to the Gettysburg Seminary and to Gettysburg College as German Professor. When the Ministerium of Pennsylvania established the Seminary at Philadelphia in 1864, he became the English-German Professor and first Chairman of the Faculty, occupying these positions until his death Nov. 23, 1879. Dr. Schaeffer translated Kurtz's Manual of Sacred History, 1855; Luther's Small Catechism, in 1856; Lechler's Commentary on Acts (v. 4 in the Lange series); Arndt's True Christianity, 1868. His Commentary on Matthew (condensed by his son-in-law, the Rev. Reuben Hill, D.D.) was published after his death as volumes 1 and 2 in the Lutheran Commentary, 1895. He published numerous translated and original articles in the Evangelical Review and in Bibliotheca Sacra, and also published various sermons. 35 THE FACULTY + WILLIAM JULIUS-MANN, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born in Stuttgart, Wuerttemberg, May 29, 1819, son of John George and Augusta Fredericka (Gentner) Mann. His father was one of the founders of the Bible Society of Wuerttemberg (1812) and city Almoner of Stuttgart from 1845-58. One of his brothers became a pastor in Wuerttemberg and another a missionary in Africa. Dr. Mann was educated at the Gymnasium Illustre in Stuttgart, and at the University of Tubingen (1841). He taught in a boys' private school in Boennigheim, Wuerttemberg; was assistant pastor there and later at Neuhausen until 1845, when, through the influence of his friend, the Rev. Dr. Philip Schaff, he came to America. He was pastor of Salem German Reformed Church, Philadelphia, Pa., 1846-50; assistant pastor Zion's and St: Michael's Church, 1850-54; pastor, 1854-84; pastor emeritus, 1884-92. In 1849 he married Margaretta Catherine Rommel and they had four children, three daughters and a son. In 1854 he was elected Professor of Theology and German Literature at Gettysburg Seminary, but declined. In 1856, Pennsylvania College conferred upon him the degree of D.D. At the founding of the Philadelphia Seminary in 1864 he was elected a regular Professor and taught Ethics, Homiletics, Symbolics and Hebrew until his death in 1892. He was Housefather of the Institution, 1872-84. Dr. Mann was President of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1860-62, and again in 1880, and was active as one of the founders of the General Council. He was a man of wide interests and broad culture, a member of the German Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, American Society of Church History, Oriental Club, American Academy of Political and Social Science, American Oriental Society, etc. Dr. Mann (with Dr. Schaff) edited the Kirchenfreund until 1860 and regularly contributed to it later, as he did to the Lutherische Zeitschrift, Evangelische Zeugnisse, Kirchenboten, The Lutheran and Missionary, The Lutheran, The Workman, Evangelical Review, Lutheran Church Review, Mercersburg Review. He contributed a large number of articles to the Herzog Realencyklopddie. In 1865 he edited Kohlers Large Family Bible; translated Schmid's Principles of Christian Ethics, 1872; was the author of A Plea for the Augsburg Confession, 1856; (with Dr. Krotel) An Explanation of Luther's Small Catechism, 1863; Heilsbotschaft (a book of sermons), 1881; Das Buch der Bucher and Seine Geschichte, 1884; Christopher Columbus, 1891. His great interest in the early history of the Lutheran Church in America led him to painstaking researches in the Archives of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania (of which he was Archivist after 1881), many congregational records and 36 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD the Halle Archives, and resulted in his publication of a new and annotated edition of the Halle Reports (1744-86) in 1886, and his Life and Times of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, 1887 (German edition, 1891). He published occasional poems in German and English. Died June 20, 1892. His biography has been written by his daughter, Miss Emma T. Mann, 1893, and by his colleague, Dr. Spaeth. + CHARLES PORTERFIELD KRAUTH, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Martinsburg, Va., March 17, 1823, son of the Rev. Prof. Charles Philip Krauth and Catharine S. (Heiskell) Krauth. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1839 and from Gettysburg Seminary in 1841, being licensed in the same year by the Maryland Synod. He was pastor of the following churches: Canton, Baltimore, Md., 1841-42; Second Church, Baltimore, Md., 1842-47; Shepherdstown and Martinsburg, Va., 1847-48; Winchester, Va., 1848-55; First Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1855-59; St. Mark's, Philadelphia, 1859-61; St. Stephen's, Philadelphia, 1866-67. He married Susan Reynolds in 1844 and Virginia Baker in 1855. His children were Harriet Reynolds (Mrs. Adolph Spaeth), Charles. Philip, and the Rev. George Edward, '97. Dr. Krauth was editor of The Lutheran and Missionary, 1861-64, and under his leadership this became one of the chief organs of confessional Lutheranism. When the Philadelphia Seminary was founded in 1864, he became Norton Professor of Systematic Theology and Church Polity, holding this chair until his death. He was one of the founders of the General Council, its President from 1870-79, and active in the formulation of its Fundamental Articles of Faith and Church Polity, its Constitution for Congregations, and similar basic material. He was an active member of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania's English Hymn Book Committee after 1865, and of the Church Book Committee of the General Council, undertaking extensive liturgical researches. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1868 he was elected Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at the University, and from 1873-83 was also Vice-Provost. He died at Philadelphia, January 2, 1883. Dr. Krauth's literary activity was very great. In addition to his editorial work on the Lutheran, he contributed articles to the Lutheran Observer, Mercersburg Review, Evangelical Review, and Lutheran Church Review, many of which were lengthy and were reprinted separately. He was associate editor of Johnson's Encyclopedia, contributing more than forty articles, some of unusual importance. He also contributed to Appleton's Encyclopedia and Potter's Biblical Encyclopedia. 37 THE FACULTY He was a member of the American Committee for Bible Revision (O. T.), and, with Dr. Schaff and others, contributed to the Committee Volume on Anglo-American Bible Revision, 1879. He translated Tholuck's Commentary on John, 1859, and published an edition of the Augsburg Confession with Introduction and Notes, 1868. He edited Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy, 1860 (revised edition, 1878). Some of his other larger published works are Christian Liberty in Relation to the Usages of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1860; Historical Sketches of the Thirty Years' War, 1870; The Conservative Reformation and its Theology, 1872; Infant Baptism and Infant Salvation in the Calvinistic System, 1874; Berkeley's Principles, 1874; The Strength and Weakness of Idealism, 1874; A Chronicle of the Augsburg Confession, 1878. He published various poems, among the longer being Cosmos, 1881, and Microcosmus, 1882; also translations of hymns from the Latin. German and Danish, and many pamphlets, sermons, festival discourses, etc. Dr. Krauth, with fine discrimination, collected a very extensive library, rich in source material, and more than 10,000 volumes of his collection, upon his death, formed the chief foundation of the present Library of the Philadelphia Seminary. His biography has been written by his son-in-law, Professor Adolph Spaeth, in two volumes, 1898, 1909. + CHARLES WILLIAM SCHAEFFER, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Hagerstown, Md., May 5, 1813, son of the Rev. Frederick Solomon Schaeffer, who died in 1815 as a result of labors in a military camp, and Catherine E. Cremer, who subsequently married the Rev. Benjamin Keller. The Rev. Dr. Charles Frederick Schaeffer was his uncle and the Rev. Dr. Demme his uncle by marriage. Dr. Schaeffer was educated at the Germantown Academy and the University of Pennsylvania (1832). He graduated from Gettysburg Seminary, 1835, and was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the same year in St. Michael's Church, Germantown, on the fiftieth anniversary of the ordination of his grandfather, the Rev. Dr. F. D. Schaeffer. He married Miss Elizabeth Ashmead, of Germantown, and had four children: Katharine, Charles, Eva and the Rev. William Ashmead Schaeffer, D.D. He was pastor of the Churches at Barren Hill and Whitemarsh, Pa., 1835-40; Harrisburg, 1841-49; St. Michael's, Germantown, 1849-74. Upon the establishment of the Philadelphia Seminary he became Professor Extraordinary and devoted one hour a week to classroom work, 1864-74. In 1874-94 he was Burkhalter Professor of Church History and Pastoral Theology, being Professor Emeritus when he died, March 15, 1896. He was Chairman of the Faculty after 1879. 38 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD He was President of the General Synod, 1859; member of the Board of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1855-73; active in the formation of the General Council (President, 1868); President or Treasurer of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania during one-third of his ministerial life, and active in many important committees, being Chairman of the Foreign Mission Board of the General Council at the time of his death. For thirty-seven years he was a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Schaeffer was the author of The Early History of the Lutheran Church in America; Family Prayers; editor of The Philadelphian; The Lutheran; and the Foreign Missionary; translator from the German of the Halle Reports, Wackernagel's Life of Martin Luther, 1883; Hans Sachs' Wittenberg Nightingale, 1883; and various hymns; the author of numerous articles in the Evangelical Review and the Lutheran Church Review. + GOTTLOB FREDERICK KROTEL, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born February 4, 1826, at Alsfeld, Germany. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1846. Having studied theology under Dr. Demme, he was licensed by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1848 and ordained in 1850. In 1849 he married Miss Elizabeth McGann, of Philadelphia, and they had three children: Luther, Paul and Elizabeth. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1865 and LL.D. from Muhlenberg College. Dr. Krotel was pastor of Trinity Church, Philadelphia, 1848-49; Salem, Lebanon, Pa., 1849-53; Trinity, Lancaster, Pa., 1853-61; St. Mark's Philadelphia, 1861-68; Holy Trinity, New York City, 1868-95; Church of the Advent, New York City, 1896-1907. When the Philadelphia Seminary was established in 1864, Dr. Krotel was called to be Professor Extraordinary, and gave part time to teaching in the Institution until his removal to New York in 1868. Dr. Krotel was President of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and of the New York Ministerium for several terms, and was one of the founders of the General Council and responsible for its name. He became its third President in 1869 and was elected again in 1889 and 1891. He was a member of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania's Hymn Book Committee and of the General Council's Church Book Committee from its appointment. He was President of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Seminary, 1904-07 (Chairman, 1905- 07), and was active on many other Boards and Committees of the Church. Dr. Krotel translated Ledderhose, Life of Philip Melanchthon, 1855 and Uhlhorn, Luther and the Swiss, 1876. He was the author of Who 39 THE FACULTY Are the Blessed? and (with Dr. W. J. Mann) of a popular Explanation of Luther's Catechism. For the last twelve years of his life (1895-1907) he was the Editor of the Lutheran. He contributed to the Lutheran Church Review and other Church periodicals and papers. He died May 20, 1907. + ADOLPH SPAETH, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born October 29, 1839, at Esslingen, Wuerttemberg, son of Dr. Ernst H. Philip (a physician) and Rosine E. (Boley) Spaeth. In 1861 he graduated from the University of Tubingen and was ordained at Waiblingen. After serving as Assistant at Bittenfeld, he became tutor in the family of the Duke of Argyle, Scotland, in 1863, the Marquis of Lorne, later Governor-General of Canada, being his pupil. In 1865 he married Maria Dorothea Duncan (daughter of the Rev. Dr. John Duncan), of Edinburgh, and to them were born the following children: Prof. John Duncan, the Rev. Dr. Henry Douglas, '93, Maria Elizabeth, Ernst, Adolph, Martin. In 1880 he married Harriet Reynolds Krauth (daughter of Dr. Charles Porterfield Krauth), of Philadelphia, and they had the following children: Charles, Julia Carola, Sigmund, Reynold and Alan Bertram. In 1864 Dr. Spaeth accepted the call to be assistant pastor of Zion's Church Philadelphia, where he remained for three years. From 1867 to 1910 he was pastor of St. Johannis Church, Philadelphia (with an assistant after 1893). From 1873 until his death he was Professor of New Testament Exegesis (after 1892 also of Ethics, etc.) in the Seminary. He was President of the General Council, 1880-88; President of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1892-95; President of the General Conference of Lutheran Deaconess Motherhouses in America, 1896-1910. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, 1875, and LL.D. from Muhlenberg College, 1896. Dr. Spaeth was an active member of many boards and committees. He was Chairman of the General Council Foreign Mission Executive Committee, 1876-91, and later President of the Foreign Mission Board; a member of the General Council Church Book Committee after 1881 (Chairman, 1907-10; Chairman of the General Council Committee on Convocations of Church Musicians (1898-1908); representative of the General Council in the Executive Committee of the Allgemeine Lutherische Konferenz in Europe. In 1880 he became a member of the Board of Directors of the German Hospital, Philadelphia, and was later the confidential adviser of Mr. John D. Lankenau in the founding and development of the Mary J. Drexel Home and the Deaconess Mother- 40 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD house. He was a Corporator of the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund. An ardent student of the Liturgy, Hymnody, and Church Music, he contributed most important material to the Kirchenbuch of the General Council, 1877, the Sonntagschulbuch, 1875, and collaborated with John Endlich in his Choralbuch and edited Liederlust. He translated and wrote hymns and tunes and occasional verse. He was an exceedingly able and impressive preacher and lecturer (the "Hero Series"). Dr. Spaeth contributed to the first American edition of Buechner's Bibel Hand- Concordanz, 1871 (8,060 passages); the Lutheran Cyclopedia (more than 300 articles); Hastings Encyclopedia of Religions and Ethics, 1911; the Memoirs of the Lutheran Liturgical Association; Herold u. Zeitschrift, Lutherische Zeitschrift, Evangelische Zeugnisse, Jugendfreund (ed. 1877-89), Der Kirchenbote, Missionsbote (co-ed. 1878-91); and Der Deutsche Lutheraner. Also numerous articles in the Lutheran and the Lutheran Church Review, many separately reprinted. He was coeditor of the Documentary History of the Min. of Pa., 1898. He was the author of Saatkoerner (a collection of sermons), 1893; Erinnerungsblaetter (a memoir of Dr. W. J. Mann), 1895; a Commentary on the Gospel of St. John (Lutheran Commentary), 1896; Charles Porterfield Krauth, a biography, 2 vols., 1898-1909; Die Heilige Passion, 1897; The Order of Lutheran Worship, 1906. Dr. Spaeth was a member of Phi Beta Kappa (University of Pennsylvania), American Historical Association, American Society of Church History, Association for Study of the History of the Reformation, etc. He died at Mt. Airy, June 25, 1910. His biography has been written by his wife, Mrs. Harriett R. Spaeth, 1916. HENRY EYSTER JACOBS, D.D., S.T.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Gettysburg, Pa., November 10, 1844. His parents were the Rev. Michael Jacobs, D.D., Professor in Pennsylvania College, 1832-71, and Juliana M. (Eyster) Jacobs, daughter of General Jacob Eyster. He graduated at Gettysburg College, 1862, and Gettysburg Seminary, 1865, during his Seminary course serving in the United States Christian Commission in Virginia and Maryland, 1864-65. He married Laura Hewes Downing, of Baltimore, 1872, and they had the following children: Eugenia Anna, Professor Charles Michael, '99, Henry Downing, Laura Winifred, and Marguerite Eyster (wife of the Rev. W. M. Horn, '04). He received the degree of D.D. from Thiel College, 1877; LL.D. from Thiel College, 1892; S.T.D. from Muhlenberg College, 1907. 41 THE FACULTY Dr. Jacobs spent one year in the study of history and law; was tutor in Gettysburg College, 1864-67; home missionary, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1867-68; principal Thiel Hall, Monaca, Pa., 1868-70; charter member and first secretary, Board of Directors, Thiel College, 1870-71; Franklin Professor of Latin and History on the foundation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, Gettysburg College, 1870-80; Ancient Languages, 1880-81; Greek, 1881-83. Upon the death of Dr. Krauth in that year, he was elected Professor of Systematic Theology in the Philadelphia Seminary, where he has been Secretary of the Faculty, 1885-94; Dean, 1894-1920; and President, 1920 -. Dr. Jacobs was Secretary of the General Council, 1879-81; President of the General Council Board of Foreign Missions, 1902-07; Secretary (and editor Proceedings), The Lutheran Diet, 1877; President, General Conferences of Lutherans, 1889, 1902, 1904; a member of the Joint Committee on Common Service, 1886- , having previously served from 1882 on the Ministerium of Pennsylvania's Church Book Committee; Chairman of the General Council Church Book Committee, 1907-20, contributing much labor and material to the Common Service Book, 1917; Chairman of the sub-Committee which prepared the Doctrinal Basis of the United Lutheran Church; Chairman United Lutheran Church Commission of Adjudication, 1919-; President American Society of Church History, 1907-08; Pennsylvania German Society, 1910-11; Vice-President Pennsylvania Bible Society, 1893- . In 1895 he was Lecturer on Lutheran Liturgies in Union Theological Seminary. He is a member of the American Historical Association, Pennsylvania Historical Society, sometime member Henry . Bradshaw Society (liturgical), London; Corporator of the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund. Dr. Jacobs was associate editor Johnson's Cyclopedia, contributing many articles; editor of the Lutheran Church Review, 1882-96; and co-editor, 1920- ; editor Lutheran Commentary (12 vols.), 1895-98; editor (with Dr. J. A. W. Haas, '87) The Lutheran Cyclopedia, 1899; editor Documentary History of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1898; editor American edition of Meyer's Commentary on Ephesians and Galatians (supplementary material), 1884, and Revelation (translation with notes), 1887; editorial writer for years for the Lutheran and the Workman. Dr. Jacobs translated (with Professor G. F. Spieker, '67) Hutter's Compend of Lutheran Theology, 1868; (with Dr. C. A. Hay) Schmid's Doctrinal Theology of the Lutheran Church, 1876; also The Book of Concord with Introduction, 2 vols., 1882; subsequently, with slight revision by the St. Louis Faculty, included as the English text in the Triglott edition published by the Missouri Synod. He edited an American reprint of Taverner's English Translation of the Augsburg Confession of 1536 (1888), and translated and edited Eck's 404 Theses, 1908. 42 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD He is the author of The Lutheran Movement in England, 1891; History of the Lutheran Church in America, 1893 (German translation by Dr. G. J. Fritschel, 1896); Elements of Religion, 1894; Commentary on Romans, 1896; Commentary on I Corinthians, 1897; Life of Martin Luther, 1898; The German Emigration to America, 1709-40, 1899; Summary of the Christian Faith, 1905 (Chinese translation by O. R. Wold and Kuan Chang-Fu, 4 vols., 1917); Lincoln's Gettysburg World-Message, 1920. Dr. Jacobs has contributed to the Evangelical Review, Lutheran Quarterly, Meusel's Kirchen-Lexicon, New York Independent, Mercersburg Review, Bibliotheca Sacra, Lutheran Church Review (71 articles), Constructive Quarterly, McClintock and Strong's Encyclopedia, Schaff-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia (1st and 2d editions), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (137 articles), Hastings' Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Homiletic Review, the Proceedings of the American Society of Church History and of the Pennsylvania German Society, etc., many of these articles being reprinted separately. + JACOB FRY, D.D, L.H.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born February 9, 1834, at Trappe, Pa., son of the Hon. Jacob and Mary (Gross) Fry. His father was Auditor- General of Pennsylvania and a Congressman (24th and 25th Congresses), as was also his maternal grandfather. He graduated at Union College, 1851, and at Gettysburg Seminary, 1853. He married Eliza J. Wattles, of Gettysyburg, in 1855, and they had the following children: the Rev. Dr. Charles Livingston, '81, Mary, Kate, Anna, the Rev. Dr. Franklin Foster, '88, Josephine, Martin, Jenny and Louisa. He was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1853 and served the following congregations: First English Church, Carlisle, Pa., 1854- 65; Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1865-96 (the preliminary convention which resulted in the formation of the General Council meeting here in 1867); Church of the Ascension, Mt. Airy, 1896-1920. He was elected Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology at the Philadelphia Seminary, 1891, and occupied this chair until his death. Dr. Fry was Secretary and Treasurer of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and later its President (1907-09), and its Senior (1919), and President of the Pennsylvania German Society. He was active in the work of many boards and committees, was Secretary of the Board of Directors of the Seminary, and was for years President of the Church Extension Society of the General Council. Dr. Fry contributed to the Lutheran, the Lutheran Church Review 43 THE FACULTY and other Church papers; was the author of a History of Trinity Church, Reading, 1894; Elementary Homiletics, 1892; The Pastor's Guide, 1915; and various published sermons and pamphlets. Dr. Fry's gifts as a preacher were universally recognized. He received the degree of D.D. from Union College in 1873; L.H.D. from the same college in 1911; and LL.D. from Muhlenberg College, 1911. For twenty-six years he was Secretary of the Faculty. He died at Mt. Airy, February 19, 1920, eighty-six years of age, having met his appointments as professor and preacher to the very end. HERMAN VOLLRATH HILPRECHT, PH.D., D.D., LL.D., was born in Hohenerxleben, Germany, July 28, 1859, son of Robert and Emilie (Wielepp) Hilprecht. He graduated from the Bernburg Gymnasium and studied theology and philology at the University of Leipzig, 1880-85 (Ph.D., 1883). In 1886 he married Miss S. C. Haufe, and in 1903, Mrs. Sallie Crozer Robinson. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1894 and LL.D. from Princeton, 1896. Dr. Hilprecht was tutor in Old Testament Theology at Erlangen University, 1885-86; Professor of Assyrian and Comparative Semitic Philology and Curator, Semitic Section of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, 1887-1911; Director of the University's Expedition to Nippur, Babylonia, after 1895. He reorganized the Babylonian Section in the Ottoman Museum, Constantinople, 1893-1909; was a member of various scientific societies and the recipient of German, Danish and Turkish decorations. Dr. Hilprecht's most important publications are: Old Babylonian Inscriptions, Chiefly from Nippur; Business Documents of Murashu Sons (with A. T. Clay); Texts from the Temple Library of Nippur, 1906; Assyriaca; Recent Researches in Bible Lands; Explorations in Bible Lands During the 19th Century; Die Ausgrabungen im Bel-Tempel zu Nippur, 1903; Ausgrabungen in Assyrien and Babylonien, 1904; The Oldest Version of the Babylonian Deluge Story, 1910; besides numerous contributions to scientific journals. In 1891 Dr. Hilprecht was elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, Assistant Professor in Old Testament Languages and Theology in the Philadelphia Seminary, and occupied this position for one year. + GEORGE FREDERICK SPIEKER, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Elk Ridge Landing, Md., November 17, 1844, son of Herman Henry and Margaret Elizabeth (Dorges) Spieker. He graduated from Baltimore City College, 1863; attended Gettysburg Seminary, 1863-65, and graduated from the Philadelphia Seminary, 1867. In 1869 he married Hannah Hoch, and the following children were born to them: the Rev. Charles Gerash, '95, Frederick William, George H., Margaret (Mrs. Gomer C. Rees). 44 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD Dr. Spieker was pastor at Kutztown, Pa., 1867-83; St. Michael's, Allentown, Pa., 1883-94; he was acting Professor of German at Gettysburg College, 1864-66; Professor of German at the Keystone State Normal School, 1867-68; Professor of Hebrew at Muhlenberg College, 1887-94. In 1894 he was elected Professor of Church History and Old Testament Theology and Introduction at the Philadelphia Seminary, holding this chair until his death. He was German Secretary of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1876-77, and President of the Board of Directors of Muhlenberg College, 1886. In 1887 he received the degree of D.D. from Roanoke College, and in 1911 the degree of LL.D. from Thiel College. Dr. Spieker was a frequent contributor to the Lutheran and the Lutheran Church Review; he contributed to the Memoirs of the Lutheran Liturgical Association and other Church publications. He was co-editor of the Church Messenger, Documentary History of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania 1898; co-translator of Hutter's Compend of Lutheran Theology, 1868; translator of Wildenhahn's Life of Luther, 1882; and author of Commentary on II Corinthians (Lutheran Commentary Series), 1897. He was a member of the American Society of Church History. He died in Philadelphia, September 7, 1913. HENRY OFFERMANN, D.D. [portrait], was born in Hannover, Germany, July 11, 1866, son of John and Margaret (Ahlf) Offermann. He was educated at the Stade, Hannover, Gymnasium, Kropp Theological Seminary and the University of Pennsylvania (graduate work in Semitics). He was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1889, and was pastor of Christ Church and Trinity Church, Camden, N. 1889-1900, and of Emmanuel Church, Philadelphia, 1900-12. In 1890 he married Emily Saalmann, of Egg Harbor, and they have the following children: the Rev. Henry Carl, '17, Magdalena, Emily and Irma. Since 1910 Dr. Offermann has been Professor of the New Testament in the Philadelphia Seminary. He was German Secretary of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1900-08; editor Lutherisches Kirchenblatt, 1905-10; co-editor Der Deutsche Lutheraner, 1910-20; co-editor of the Lutheran Church Review, 1920-; contributor to the American Encyclopedia 45 THE FACULTY of Christianity, and a frequent contributor to the Lutheran Church Review, the Lutheran and other Church papers. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Mary J. Drexel Home, Philadelphia, 1910- , and of numerous Synodical, General Council and United Lutheran Church boards and committees. + THEODORE EMANUEL SCHMAUK, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Lancaster, Pa., May 30, 1860, son of the Rev. Benjamin W. and Wilhelmina C. (Hingel) Schmauk. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1880, and the Philadelphia Seminary, 1883, being ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in that year. He was associate pastor of Salem Church, Lebanon, Pa. 1883-1903; and pastor upon the death of his father, 1903-20. In 1897 he received the degree of D.D. from Muhlenberg College and in 1910 the degree of LL.D. from Augustana College. Dr. Schmauk was President of the General Council, 1903-20, a longer tenure than that of anyone else. He was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee at the organization of the United Lutheran Church in America, 1918; Chairman of the Committee to Prepare a Constitution, and a member of the Executive Board of the United Lutheran Church, 1918-20. He was President of the United Lutheran Church School and Parish Board, 1918-20; Chairman of the General Council Quadri- Centennial Committee, 1917; member of the Executive Committee of the International Lutheran Conference, 1903-20, and of numerous other boards and committees. Dr. Schmauk was President of the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Seminary, 1908-20, and in charge of the Department of Ethics, Apologetics and Pedagogy, 1911-20, lecturing regularly at the Seminary several days of each week. He was one of the organizers of the Pennsylvania Chautauqua, 1892 (Chancellor, 1895-96); one of the organizers of the Pennsylvania German Society, 1891 (President, 1896); one of the organizers of the Lebanon County Historical Society, 1898; a life member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. His literary work was very extensive. For years he co-operated with Dr. H. C. Trumbull in work on the Sunday School Times. He was editor-in-chief of the Lutheran Church Review, 1895-1920; literary editor of The Lutheran, 1889-1920; editor-in-chief General Council Graded Sunday School Series; author Charms of Conversation, 1889; Hypnotism, 1890; The Voice in Speech and Song, 1891; Catechetical Outlines, 1892; Heartbroken, 1893; The Negative Criticism of the Old 46 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD Testament, 1894; History of Old Salem in Lebanon, 1898; Bible History, 1899; Bible Geography, 1901; The Early Churches of the Lebanon Valley, 1902; History of the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, from the Original Sources, 1903; Bible Facts and Scenes, 1905; The Christian Kindergarten, 1906; The Confessional Principle and the Confessions of the Lutheran Church, 1909; Annotated Edition of Benjamin Rush's Account of German Inhabitants of Pennsylvania, 1910; In Mother's Arms, 1911; Christianity and Christian Union, 1913; How to Teach in Sunday School, 1920; Annotated Bibliography of Religious Education and Child Psychology, 1920. Dr. Schmauk was in constant demand as a preacher, lecturer and contributor to the Church and secular press. He died at Lebanon, Pa., March 23, 1920. + EDWARD TRAILL HORN, D.D., LL.D. [portrait], was born at Easton, Pa., June 10, 1850. His parents were Melchior Hay and Matilda Louisa (Heller) Horn. He graduated at Gettysburg College, 1869, and the Philadelphia Seminary, 1872. He was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1872. In 1887 he received the degree of D.D. from Roanoke College and from Newberry College. In 1906 he received the degree of LL.D. from Newberry College. Dr. Horn married Harriet Chisolm, of Charleston, S. C., in 1880, and they had the following children: Robert Chisolm, William Melchior, '04, Isabella Traill, Harriet Emily, Edward Traill, Jr., '11, Mary Gregg and Melchior Hay. He was pastor of Christ Church, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 1872-76; St. John's, Charleston, S. C., 1876-97; Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1897-1911. He was President of the South Carolina Synod, the United Synod South; the Ministerium of Pennsylvania (1909-13); and the General Council Board of Foreign Missions (1907-15). He was a lifelong student of liturgics and was Secretary of the Joint Committee which prepared the Common Service from its organization in 1886 until his death. He was an active member of many Synodical and General Council boards and committees. He was Lecturer at Gettysburg Seminary on the Holman Foundation and the Baugher Foundation. In 1911 he was elected Professor of Ethics and Missions at the Philadelphia Seminary. Dr. Horn was a frequent contributor to the Lutheran, the Lutheran Church Review, Lutheran Quarterly and the Memoirs of the Lutheran Liturgical Association. He contributed many articles on liturgics, Church history and Christian doctrine to the Lutheran Cyclopedia and 47 THE FACULTY to Hastings' Dictionary of Religion and Ethics. He translated Loehe's Three Books on the Church, 1908. He was the author of The Christian Year, 1876; The Evangelical Pastor, 1887; Outline of Liturgics, 1890, 2d edition, 1912; Commentary on Philippians, Colossians, I and II Thessalonians, Philemon (Lutheran Commentary Series), 1897; Summer Sermons, 1908. He died at Mt. Airy, March 4, 1915. LUTHER DOTTERER REED, D.D. [portrait], was born at North Wales, Pa., March 21, 1873, son of the Rev. Ezra Leiss, '68, and Annie (Linley) Reed. He graduated at Franklin and Marshall College, 1892, and the Philadelphia Seminary, 1895; graduate work at the University of Leipzig, 1902; ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1895; married Catharine S. Ashbridge, of Mt. Airy, 1906. He received the degree of D.D. in 1912 from Thiel College and from Muhlenberg College. Dr. Reed was pastor of Emanuel Church, Allegheny, Pa., 1895-1903; and of Holy Trinity, Jeannette, Pa., 1903-04. In 1906 he became Director of the Krauth Memorial Library at the Philadelphia Seminary; Instructor in Liturgics, 1910- ; and Professor of Liturgics and Church Art, and Chaplain, 1911- . He was one of the organizers and President of the Lutheran Liturgical Association, 1898-1906; active in the General Council Convocations of Church Musicians, 1898- 1908; President of the Church Music and Liturgical Art Society, 1906-; Secretary of the Joint Committee and the sub-Committees which prepared the text and music of the Common Service Book of the Lutheran Church, 1907-17; Archivist Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1909-; United Lutheran Church, 1918-; Pittsburgh Synod, 1920-; Secretary of the United Lutheran Church Committees on Church Architecture and Common Service Book, 1918-; Chairman, Philadelphia Seminary Committee on Expansion, 1920-. Dr. Reed was co-editor (with H. G. Archer) of the Psalter and Canticles Pointed for Chanting, 1897; Choral Service Book, 1901; Music of the Responses, 1903; Season Vespers, 1905; editor of the Memoirs of the Lutheran Liturgical Association, 1898-1906; the History of the First English Lutheran Church, Pittsburgh, 1909; and the Philadelphia Seminary Biographical Record, 1923. He is co-editor (with Prof. C. M. Jacobs) of the Seminary Bulletin, 1916-; and associate editor and business manager of the Lutheran Church Review, 1920- . He has contributed articles on Liturgics, Church Music, Church Architecture, 48 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD etc., to the Liturgical Association Memoirs, the Lutheran Church Review, the Lutheran, Lutheran Encyclopedia, etc. In 1917 he arranged the text for the Reformation Cantata, The City of God (music by H. Alexander Matthews, Mus. Doc.). CHARLES MICHAEL JACOBS, D.D. [portrait], was born at Gettysburg, Pa., December 5, 1875, son of President Henry Eyster and Laura (Downing) Jacobs. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1895; the Philadelphia Seminary, 1899; did graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania, 1895-97 and 1901-02; and at the University of Leipzig, 1902-03. He received the degree of D.D. from Muhlenberg College in 1913. In 1905 he married Abigail Shearer, of North Wales, and to them were born the following children: Margaret Abigail, Hilda Elinor and Charles Shearer. Dr. Jacobs was ordained by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1899, and was pastor of St. Peter's Church, North Wales, 1899-1902, and Christ Church, Allentown, Pa., 1904-13. He was Instructor at the Chestnut Hill Academy, 1895- 96; Professor of History, Muhlenberg College, 1905-09; and since 1913 has been Professor of Church History and in charge of the Graduate School at the Philadelphia Seminary. He has been a member of important Synodical, General Council and United Lutheran Church boards and committees; Vice-President of the National Lutheran Commission, 1917-22; Chairman, Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, 1917-20; member Executive Committee of the National Lutheran Council, 1918-; Chairman American Committee on Lutheran World Convention, 1920-; Chairman Committee on Religious Literature, United Lutheran Church Board of Publication, 1920-; University Extension Lecturer. United Lutheran Church Delegate to the Lutheran World Convention, Eisenach, Germany; 1923. Dr. Jacobs is the author of The Way, a Little Book of Christian Truth, 1922; joint editor of the Philadelphia edition of Luther's Works, 1915-; co-editor (with Prof. Preserved Smith), of Luther's Correspondence, vol. 2, 1918; joint editor (with Professor Reed) of the Philadelphia Seminary Bulletin, 1916-; co- editor of the Lutheran Church Review, 1920-; co-editor American Encyclopedia of Christianity, 1922- . He has contributed numerous articles to the Lutheran, the Lutheran Church Review, American Lutheran Survey, etc., and did-important editorial work on the Documentary History of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, 1898, and the Lutheran Cyclopedia, 1899. 49 THE FACULTY CHARLES THEODORE BENZE, D.D. [portrait], was born at Warren, Pa., September 19, 1865, the son of the Rev. Adolph Leopold and Elizabeth C, (Kiehl) Benze. After graduating from the Erie, Pa., High School, he took college work under private instructors, specializing in philology. He taught in the Erie Public School, 1883-95 (Chief of Modern Language Department in the High School, 1888-95). He graduated from the Chicago Theological Seminary, 1897, and was ordained by the Pittsburgh Synod, 1897. He married Hermine Elizabeth Ohl (daughter of Dr. J. F. Ohl, '74) in 1898 and has one son, Winfrid Theodore. He received the degree of D.D. from Muhlenberg College in 1909. Dr. Benze was pastor at Beaver Falls, 1897-98; St. Stephen's, Erie, Pa., 1898- 1908; President of Thiel College, 1909-13; American Professor in Kropp Theological Seminary, Germany, 1913-15, and since 1915 has been Professor of Old Testament Theology and Missions in the Philadelphia Seminary. Dr. Benze was commissioner of the General Council to inspect the India mission field in 1908; President of the Pittsburgh Synod, 1908-09; is Vice-President of the United Lutheran Church Board of Foreign Missions, and Chairman of the India Committee (1918- ). In 1922 he was given leave of absence and left for Russia as Commissioner of the National Lutheran Council to engage in relief work. He is the author of Pilgerlieder fur Schule and Haus, The Confessional Principle and the Confessions of the Lutheran Church (with Dr. T. E. Schmauk), 1908; and (also with Dr. Schmauk) a Commentary on the Gospels for the Trinity Season, 1919. Since 1920 he has been co-editor of the Lutheran Church Review. He has contributed frequent articles to the Lutheran, the Lutheran Church Review and other Church papers. He is a member of the Pennsylvania German Society, Society for Biblical Literature and Exegesis, American Oriental Society, Oriental and Classical Clubs, Philadelphia, etc. 50 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD EMIL EISENHARDT FISCHER, D.D. [portrait], was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 14, 1882, the son of the Rev. Christian Godfrey, '77, and Emily (Eisenhardt) Fischer. He graduated at Rutgers College, 1904, and the Philadelphia Seminary, 1907. He received the degree of D.D. from Muhlenberg College, 1920. He married Anita Emily Lins, of Brooklyn, 1912, and they have two. Children: Theodore and Jean. Dr. Fischer was ordained by the New York and New England Synod in 1907; was pastor of Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1907-13, and of Christ Church, Allentown, Pa., 1913-20. He was Instructor in Hebrew at the Philadelphia Seminary, 1910-13; and in 1920 was elected Professor of Apologetics and Ethics. He is co-editor of the Lutheran Church Review and has contributed to the Lutheran, the Lutheran Church Review and the American Lutheran Survey. He is a member of various Synodical and United Lutheran Church committees. JOHN CONRAD SEEGERS, D.D. [portrait], was born at Columbia, S. C., October 6, 1867. His parents were John Conrad and Mary D. (Schroeder) Seegers. He graduated at Newberry College in 1888 and the Philadelphia Seminary, 1891, being ordained by the Holston Synod in that year. In 1893 he married May Erwin Ide, of Richmond, Va., and they have had the following children: John Conrad, Jr., Theodore, Virginia, Frances, Florence, Louis Walter, Sarah and Ernst. He received the degree of D.D. from Newberry College in 1909. Dr. Seegers was pastor of the First Church, Richmond, Va., 1891-94; Church of the Redeemer, Albany, N. Y., 1895-1901; St. John's, Easton, Pa., 1901-11; Trinity, Reading, 1911-14; St. Paul's, Wilmington, N. C., 1918 21. He was Professor of Practical Theology in the Southern Seminary, Columbia, S. C., 1914- 18, and in 1921 was elected Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology at the Philadelphia Seminary. Dr. Seegers was President of the Home Mission Board of the United Synod South, 1916-18, and is Vice-President of the United Lutheran Church Board of Home Missions (1918- ), and Chairman of the United Lutheran Church Committee on Evangelism, 1920- . He is joint author of An Explanation of the Common Service, 1908; and 51 THE FACULTY author of The Church for the Ages, 1922. Since 1921 he has been co-editor of the Lutheran Church Review and has contributed to the Review, the Lutheran and other Church papers. He has served on many important Synodical, General Council and United Lutheran Church boards and committees. CHARLES PETER WILES, D.D. [portrait], was born at Lewiston, Md., January 27, 1870, son of Americus G. P. and Sarah S. (Hummer) Wiles. He graduated at Millersville (Pa.) Normal School and Gettysburg Theological Seminary, 1896. In 1896 he married M. Alice Miller, of Lancaster, Pa. In 1913 he received the degree of D.D. from Carthage College. Dr. Wiles was ordained in 1896 and was pastor of St. Michael's Church, Rossville, Pa., 1896-1901; Mt. Zion, Pittsburgh, 1901-08, and Keller Memorial, Washington, D. C., 1908-13. In 1913 Dr. Wiles became editor of the publications of the Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, and since 1920 has been editor-in-chief of the United Lutheran Church Graded Sunday School Series, and President of the United Lutheran Church Parish and Church School Board. He is editor of the Augsburg Sunday School Teacher, 1913-; editor-in-chief of The Parish and Church School Magazine, 1921-; and author of The Challenge of the Sunday School, 1916; and Upon This Rock, 1917. He has contributed to the Lutheran Quarterly and the Lutheran, and is a member of the International Sunday School Lesson Committee (1913- ). In 1919 Dr. Wiles was appointed Instructor in English Bible at the Philadelphia Seminary, and in 1920 Assistant Professor in English Bible and Christian Pedagogy.